• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:ES2883835A2
    申请号:ES202190059
    申请日:2019-04-12
    公开日:2021-12-09
    发明作者:Videira Unai Alvarado；Yagüez Diego Borro；Irizar Aiert Amundarain；Marcos Inigo Adin；Juaristi Saioa Arrizabalaga
    申请人:Asociacion Centro Tecnologico CEIT；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0004] Technical sector
    [0006] The present invention is related to the weighing of freight wagons of railway vehicles, the invention proposing a method and a measuring device that allows weighing freight wagons in motion and without having to use invasive measuring devices that require modify the infrastructure of the road, or that require modifying the structure of the vehicles.
    [0008] State of the art
    [0010] The wagons of railway vehicles carry goods whose load is necessary to know, as well as the distribution of the load (for example, the load per axle of the wagon).
    [0012] This is relevant on rail yards and in loading/unloading areas ("marshalling yards"). Thus, for example, it is necessary to know the exact load of the wagon, since it must be distributed in trucks for subsequent transport by Trucks are required to comply with specific weight regulations, but in turn it is preferable to load trucks to the maximum of the permitted limit to optimize transport costs.
    [0014] The measurement devices currently used for weighing wagons are usually devices that generally determine the weight in static, with the wagon stopped, in addition to being invasive, expensive devices, and requiring a complex installation. Thus, for example, weighing scales are known, which are an instrumented section of track ("weigh bridges") that replaces a section of track; weight sensors based on strain gauges or load cells that are integrated into the railway track (on the rails, sleepers, ...), or the weighing devices on board the wagons themselves.
    [0016] In accordance with all this, there is a need on the part of freight operators to know the load distribution of the wagons by means of a measuring device that is portable, so that its installation is not invasive on the railway infrastructure, and that allows the weight of the wagons in motion to be determined.
    [0018] Object of the invention
    [0020] The object of the present invention is a measurement procedure to determine the weight of freight wagons of railway vehicles when they circulate on the rails of a railway track.
    [0022] The measurement procedure comprises:
    [0023] • determine a displacement of at least one point of one of the rails of the railway when the wagon runs on the rail, where the displacement is determined using non-invasive measurement means,
    [0024] • compare the displacement of at least the rail point with a reference displacement, the reference displacement being related to a known reference weight, and
    [0025] • determine the weight of the wagon that circulates on the rail of the railway by comparing the displacement of, at least, the point of the rail, with the reference displacement.
    [0027] The non-invasive measurement means allow the displacement of the point of the rail to be determined due to the deformation suffered by the rail when the wagon passes over the rail, that is to say with the railway vehicle in motion. In addition, since the measurement means are non-invasive measurement means, such as laser means, for example, there is no need to modify the railway infrastructure to install said means. Additionally, the non-invasive measurement means are portable, so that the measurement procedure can be carried out at any point on the railway.
    [0029] In the sense of the invention, reference displacement is understood as the displacement that the point of the rail would have suffered given the known reference weight, that is, the reference displacement is known because it is directly related to a specific and also known weight. In this way, by extrapolating the displacement of the point of the rail due to the passage of the goods wagon over the rail, the weight of the wagon can be accurately determined.
    [0030] Preferably, the displacement is determined in the two rails of the railway, each displacement corresponding to the deformation of the rail caused by the passage of one of the wheels of the wagon axle on the rail. In this way, in addition to the weight of the wagon, the weight distribution of the wagon can be determined, specifically the weight for each axle of the wagon.
    [0032] Preferably, the displacement of three points of the rail defining a reference line is determined, so as to increase the precision for weight determination.
    [0034] Even more preferably, two of the three rail points are vertically aligned with two respective railway sleepers, and the other rail point is disposed between the two sleepers. In this way, a specific arrangement of the points of the rail is used where the displacements due to the bending of the rail due to the weight of the vehicle show the greatest possible difference in displacement between the points, since the point of the rail arranged between the two sleepers is not directly supported, so the accuracy for weight determination is further increased.
    [0036] According to a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention, determining the weight of the wagon comprises the steps of:
    [0037] • Provide non-invasive means of measurement on the railway,
    [0038] • run on the railway track a railway vehicle made up of a locomotive vehicle and at least the wagon whose weight is required to be determined, the weight of the locomotive being the known reference weight,
    [0039] • determine the reference displacement when the locomotive travels on the rail,
    [0040] • determine the displacement of at least the point of one of the rails when the wagon runs on the rail
    [0041] • compare both displacements to determine the weight of the car.
    [0043] In this way, the locomotive vehicle is used as a known reference weight. The weight per wheel and the weight per wheel axle of the locomotive vehicle is perfectly known, so that based on said weight, the weight transported by each of the freight wagons that make up the railway vehicle can be determined exactly.
    [0044] In addition, the procedure for determining the weight is remarkably simple, and can be carried out by the driver of the vehicle himself, who only has to stop the vehicle on a section of the road, get out to place the non-invasive means of measurement, circulate the vehicle on the stretch of road where the means to carry out the weighing have been arranged, and re-open to collect the measuring means.
    [0046] Another object of the present invention is a measuring device to determine the weight of freight wagons when they circulate on the rails of a railway track.
    [0048] The measuring device comprises:
    [0049] • non-invasive measuring means adapted to determine the displacement of at least one point of one of the rails when the wagon runs on the rail, and • a control unit adapted to determine the weight of the wagon by comparing the displacement of, at least the point on the rail, with a reference offset, that is related to a known reference weight.
    [0051] The non-invasive measurement means are laser means, so that it is not necessary to modify the railway infrastructure to install said means.
    [0053] According to a first example of embodiment of the measurement device, the non-invasive measurement means comprise at least one emitting device to emit at least one laser beam, the emitting device being arranged at the point of the rail, and at least one device receiver to receive the laser beam emitted by the emitting device, the receiving device being arranged on one side of the railway, such that the laser beam received in the receiving device is used to determine the displacement of the rail point.
    [0055] Preferably, the non-invasive measurement means of the first embodiment comprise three emitting devices to emit three respective laser beams, two of the three emitting devices being arranged at two points on the rail that are vertically aligned with two respective sleepers of the railway, and the other emitting device being arranged at the point of the rail that is arranged between the two sleepers, and a receiving device to receive the three laser beams, the receiving device being on one side of the railway track.
    [0056] Even more preferably, the non-invasive measurement means comprise six emitting devices, three for each rail of the railway, and two receiving devices, one for each rail of the railway. In this way, the weight of the wagon can be determined, as well as the weight distribution of the wagon.
    [0058] According to a second embodiment of the measurement device, the non-invasive measurement means comprise at least one laser profilometer to determine the profile of the rail. Preferably, the non-invasive measurement means comprise two laser profilometers, one for each lane.
    [0060] Description of the figures
    [0062] Figure 1 shows a rail of a section of an empty railway line.
    [0064] Figure 2 shows the rail of the track section of the previous figure with load when a rail vehicle circulates on the rail.
    [0066] Figure 3 shows a railway vehicle with a locomotive and a wagon whose weight is to be determined.
    [0068] Figure 4 is a graph showing the displacement of a rail point due to the passage of each wheel axle of the railway vehicle of the previous figure.
    [0070] Figure 5 shows a comparative graph of the displacement of a point on the rail due to the passage of the locomotive in Figure 3, as well as the displacement of that same point due to the passage of the wagon in Figure 3.
    [0072] Figure 6 shows a top schematic view of a first embodiment of the measurement device of the invention.
    [0074] Figure 7 shows a schematic side view of the device of the previous figure arranged on an empty rail.
    [0076] Figure 8 shows a schematic side view of the device of Figure 6 with the rail loaded.
    [0077] Figure 9 shows a schematic view of a second embodiment of the measurement device of the invention.
    [0079] Figure 10 shows a comparative view of the profile of the rail in empty and with load.
    [0081] Detailed description of the invention
    [0083] Figure 1 shows a section of a rail (r) of a section of a railway track (t) at rest, that is, without applying a load to the rail (r).
    [0085] The rail section (r) is supported on two sleepers (s1, s2). In the rail (r) three points (A, B, C) are represented, two of the three points (A, C) of the rail (r) are respectively aligned vertically with the two sleepers (s1, s2) of the track (t), and the other point (B) of the rail (r) is arranged between the two sleepers (s1, s2). The point (B) of the rail (r) is arranged in the middle of the two sleepers (s1, s2), that is to say at the same distance from each of the other two points (A, C).
    [0087] The union of the three points (A, B, C) define a reference line (ref). As can be seen in the figure, the three points (A, B, C) are aligned such that the reference line (ref) is horizontal.
    [0089] Figure 2 shows the section of the rail (r) when a freight wagon (w) of a railway vehicle is running on the rail (r).
    [0091] The rail vehicle is represented by one of its wheels (wh), the wheel (wh) being vertically aligned with point (B) of the rail (r) that is arranged between the two sleepers (s1, s2). In this situation, when the wheel (wh) passes over the rail (r), the rail (r) undergoes a bending stress due to the weight of the wagon (w), so that each of the three points (A, B, C) undergoes a displacement (d), essentially they undergo a downward vertical displacement, so that the horizontal line that joined the three points (A, B, C) in figure 1, in figure 2 is a curve (ref.).
    [0093] The invention proposes to determine the displacement (d) of at least one (B) of the points (A, B, C) of the rail (r) when the wagon (w) circulates on the rail (r), using for this non-invasive means of measurement. Essentially, the invention proposes to determine the vertical displacement of at least the point (B) of the rail (r).
    [0095] Preferably, the invention proposes to determine the vertical displacement of point (B) of the rail (r) that is arranged between the two sleepers (s1, s2), specifically in the middle of the two sleepers (s1, s2), since, with this arrangement, point (B) is not directly supported on its vertical, thus resulting in the point of the rail that can suffer the greatest displacement, and therefore the one that has the greatest sensitivity for the measurements.
    [0097] The displacement of point (B) is compared with a reference displacement, said reference displacement being related to a known reference weight, so that by comparing both displacements, the weight of the wagon (w) that circulates on the rail (r).
    [0099] Figures 3 to 5 show a preferred embodiment of the procedure carried out to determine the weight of the wagon (w).
    [0101] Figure 3 shows a simplified railway vehicle that is made up of a locomotive (l) and a wagon (w) whose weight is to be determined, the vehicle being able to have an indefinite number of wagons (w), and even more than a locomotive (l). Both the locomotive (l) and the wagon (w) have two bogies (b), and each bogie (b) has two pairs of wheels (wh), one pair of wheels (wh) for each rail (r), each being pair of wheels (wh) joined by an axle. The direction of movement of the railway vehicle is represented in figure 3 by an arrow from left to right.
    [0103] Figure 4 shows a graph of the displacement (d) of the point (B) of the rail (r) of Figure 1 over time when the vehicle circulates over said point (B). Specifically, six vertical displacements (d1, ..., d6) are represented due to the passage of the four wheels (wh1, wh2, wh3, wh4) of the locomotive (l) and of the first two wheels (wh5, wh6) of the wagon (w) on the rail (r).
    [0105] The relationship between the displacement of the point (B) of the rail (r) and the weight is previously characterized. Preferably, this preliminary characterization is carried out based on the weight of the locomotive (l), whose load per wheel and wheel axle is perfectly known. The non-invasive measuring means are calibrated in situ at the passing of the locomotive (l), whose load per axis is known.
    [0107] Figure 5 shows a graph of the time evolution of the vertical displacement of point (B) due to the passage of the wheels (wh1, wh5) of the locomotive (l) and wagon (w) on the rail (r). The vertical displacement due to the wheel (wh1) of the locomotive (l) is identified by the reference (d1) and the vertical displacement due to the wheel (wh5) of the wagon (w) is identified by the reference (d5). The difference between the vertical displacement of point (B) due to the passage of the two wheels (wh1, wh5) is used to determine the weight supported by the wheel (wh5) of the wagon (w).
    [0109] In this way, taking as reference the weight of the locomotive (l), which has a perfectly known weight per wheel, and also has a balanced weight between the wheels of each axle, it is possible to determine the weight of each wheel (wh) of the wagon (w), as well as the weight of each axle of the wagon (w).
    [0111] To determine the weight of the freight wagons (w) when they circulate on the rails (r, r') of the railway track (t), a measuring device is used that includes non-invasive measuring means that are adapted to determine the displacement (d) of at least the point (B, B') of one of the rails (r, r') when the wagon (w) runs on the rail (r, r'), and a control unit that is adapted to determine the weight of the wagon (w) by comparing the displacement (d) of at least point (B, B') of the rail (r, r') with the reference displacement, which is related to the known reference weight .
    [0113] Figures 6 to 10 show two embodiments of the measuring device for determining the weight of the freight wagons (w) when they run on the rails (r, r') of the railway (t).
    [0115] The non-invasive measurement means of the first embodiment of the measurement device shown in figures 6 to 8 are based on laser means. The non-invasive measurement means comprise at least one emitting device (11,12,13,11',12',13') to emit at least one laser beam (L1,L2,L3,L1',L2',L3' ), the emitting device (12) being arranged at point (B) of the rail (r), and at least one receiving device (14,14') to receive the laser beam, such that the laser beam received in the receiving device to determine the displacement (d) of the point (B, B') of the rail (r,r').
    [0116] As can be seen in Figure 6, the non-invasive measurement means comprise six emitting devices (11,12,13,11',12',13'), three for each rail (r,r') of the railway ( t), and two receiving devices (14,14'), one for each rail (r,r') of the railway track (t).
    [0118] Preferably, for each rail (r,r'), two (11,13) of the three emitting devices (11,12,13) are arranged at the two points (A,C) of the rail (r) that are aligned vertically with the two sleepers (s1, s2) of the railway track (t), while the other emitting device (12) is arranged at point (B) of the rail (r) that is arranged between the two sleepers (s1, s2 ). Even more preferably, the receiving devices (14,14') are located one on each side of the railway track (t).
    [0120] The two sleepers (s1, s2) in which the two emitting devices (11, 13) are arranged are preferably two consecutive sleepers of the railway track (t).
    [0122] The receiving devices (14,14') on which the laser beams are projected are plates located on both sides of the railway track (t), with the control unit of the non-invasive measurement means being in charge of determining the distance from each emitting device (11,12,13,11',12',13') to the respective receiving device (14,14').
    [0124] The projections of the laser beams when the rail is empty, without rail traffic, define a reference line (ref, ref'), which deforms as the rail vehicle passes over the rails (r, r'), of so that by comparing the undeformed reference line (ref, ref') with the deformed reference line (refc, ref'), the weight of the wagon (w) can be established.
    [0126] The non-invasive measurement means are calibrated so that the reference line (ref, ref') on each receiving device (14,14') is a straight line, so that the comparison with the deformed reference line (refc , efc') due to the passage of the railway vehicle on the rails (r,r').
    [0128] Figures 7 and 8 show a comparison of the measuring device with the railway track (t) empty (figure 7) and with load (figure 8).
    [0130] Figure 7 shows the empty railway track (t), where the laser beams (L2, L2') are projected onto the reference line (ref, ref') of each receiving device (14,14').
    [0131] Figure 8 shows the railway track (t) with load, since one axle of the wagon (w) and its corresponding wheels (wh5) are on the rails (r.r') where the emitting devices (12 ,12'), so that the rails (r.r') are deformed. The emitting devices (12, 12') undergo a vertical displacement (Ah, Ah') since they are directly arranged on the rails (r.r'), and therefore the laser beams (L2, L2') are modified according to modified laser beams (Lm2, Lm2'). Thus, with the wagon (w) circulating on the rail (r,r'), the projections of the modified laser beams (Lm2, Lm2') generate the deformed reference line (refc, efc') on each receiving device (14 ,14'), the weight of the wagon being determined by comparing the undeformed reference line (ref, ref') with the deformed reference line (refc, ref').
    [0133] As can be seen in Figure 8, in this case the displacement to be determined corresponds to the difference (Ad, Ad') between the undeformed reference line (ref, ref') and the deformed reference line (refc, refc' ) of the receiving device (14,14'), which is directly related to the vertical displacement (Ah, Ah') suffered by the emitting devices, thereby improving the sensitivity of the measurement device. This is due to the fact that this difference (Ad, Ad') between the reference lines is a magnitude greater than the vertical displacement (Ah, Ah') of the emitting devices.
    [0135] The non-invasive measurement means of the second embodiment of the measurement device shown in figures 9 and 10 are also based on laser means. The non-invasive measurement means comprise at least one laser profilometer (21) to determine the profile of the rail (r,r'). Preferably, the non-invasive measurement means comprise two laser profilometers (21), one for each lane (r,r').
    [0137] The measurement procedure to determine the weight of the wagon (w) would comprise comparing the profile of the rail (r) when empty with the profile with the profile of the rail (r) when the wagon (w) runs on the rail (r), way that the displacement of the points of the rail is determined when the wagon circulates on the rail. The weight of the wagon (w) is determined by comparing the displacement of the rail points (r, r') with the reference displacement, as indicated above.
    [0139] Figure 10 shows the sections of the profile that would be obtained in each case (the empty rail profile is illustrated in a continuous line and the empty rail profile is illustrated in a broken line). rail bent to the passage of the wagon (w).
    [0141] The control unit of the measurement device includes a communications module to send the information of the non-invasive measurement means to an external unit available to the vehicle operator. rrov iary (m achinist), such as for example a sim ilar Tab le to. In said external unit, the operator can configure the measurement device and view the information (for example, wagon weight, axle load distribution, wagon ID, etc). The external drive itself can send the information to a remote database where it is stored.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    1. - Measurement procedure to determine the weight of freight wagons (w) when they circulate on the rails (r, r') of a railway track (t), which includes:
    • determine a displacement (d) of at least one point (A,B,C,A',B',C') of one of the rails (r, r') when the wagon (w) runs on the rail ( r, r'),
    or wherein the displacement (d) is determined using non-invasive measuring means,
    • compare the displacement (d) of at least point (A,B,C,A',B',C') of the rail (r, r') with a reference displacement,
    or the reference offset being related to a known reference weight, and
    • determine the weight of the wagon (w) that runs on the rail (r, r') by comparing the displacement (d) of at least point (A,B,C,A',B',C') of the rail (r, r') with the reference offset.
    [2]
    2. - Method according to the preceding claim, wherein the displacement (d) of three points (A,B,C,A',B',C') of the rail (r, r') defining a line of reference (ref, ref').
    [3]
    3. - Procedure according to the preceding claim, wherein two (A, C,
    [4]
    4. - Method according to the preceding claim, wherein the point (B, B') of the rail (r, r') is arranged in the middle of the two sleepers (s1, s2), at the same distance from the other two points (A,C, A',C').
    [5]
    5. - Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the displacement (d) in the two rails (r, r') of the railway (t) is determined.
    [6]
    6. - Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein determining the weight of the wagon (w) comprises the steps of:
    • Arrange non-invasive means of measurement on the railway track (t),
    • circulating on the railway track (t) a railway vehicle made up of a locomotive vehicle (l) and at least the wagon (w) whose weight is required to be determined, the weight of the locomotive vehicle (l) being the known reference weight,
    • determine the reference displacement when the locomotive vehicle (l) circulates on the rail (r, r'),
    • determine the displacement (d) of at least point (A,B,C,A',B',C') of one of the rails (r, r') when the wagon (w) runs on the rail ( r, r'),
    • compare both displacements to determine the weight of the car (w).
    [7]
    7. - Measuring device to determine the weight of freight wagons (w) when they circulate on the rails (r, r') of a railway track (t), comprising:
    • non-invasive measuring means adapted to determine the displacement (d) of at least one point (A,B,C,A',B',C') of one of the rails (r, r') when the wagon (w) runs on the rail (r, r'), and
    • a control unit adapted to determine the weight of the wagon (w) by comparing the displacement (d) of at least the point (A,B,C,A',B',C') of the rail (r, r') with a reference offset that is related to a known reference weight.
    [8]
    8. - Device according to the preceding claim, wherein the non-invasive measurement means comprise:
    • at least one emitting device (11,12,13,11',12',13') to emit at least one laser beam (L1,L2,L3,L1',L2',L3'), the emitting device being (12) arranged at point (B) of rail (r), and
    • at least one receiving device (14,14') to receive the laser beam emitted by the emitting device, the receiving device (14,14') being arranged on one side of the railway track (t), such that the laser beam received in the receiving device to determine the displacement (d) of the point (B, B') of the rail (r, r').
    [9]
    9. - Device according to the preceding claim, wherein the non-invasive measurement means comprise:
    • three emitting devices (11,12,13,11',12',13') to emit three respective laser beams (L1,L2,L3, L1',L2',L3'),
    or with two (11,13, 11',13') of the three emitting devices (11,12,13,11',12',13') arranged at two points (A,C,A',C') of the rail (r,r') that are vertically aligned with two respective sleepers (s1, s2) of the railway track (t), and being the other emitting device (12,12') arranged at point (B,B') of the rail (r,r') which is arranged between the two sleepers (s1, s2), and
    • a receiving device (14,14') to receive the three laser beams (L1,L2,L3, L1',L2',L3'),
    or the receiving device (14,14') being on one side of the railway track (t).
    [10]
    10. - Device according to the preceding claim, wherein the non-invasive measurement means comprise six emitting devices (11,12,13,11',12',13'), three for each lane (r,r') of the railway track (t), and two receiving devices (14,14'), one for each rail (r,r') of the railway track (t).
    [11]
    11. - Device according to claim 7, wherein the non-invasive measurement means comprise at least one laser profilometer (21) to determine the profile of the rail (r, r').
    [12]
    12. - Device according to the preceding claim, wherein the non-invasive measurement means comprise two laser profilometers (21), one for each rail (r, r').
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    同族专利:
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    ES2883835R2|2022-02-09|
    WO2020208271A1|2020-10-15|
    引用文献:
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